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Dictionary of Vexillology: P (Per Bend - Phrygian Cap)

Last modified: 2022-10-08 by rob raeside
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PER BEND
1) In heraldry the term used when a shield, a banner of arms or any quartering thereof is divided diagonally from top left to bottom right across its field (see also ‘banner of arms’, ‘bend’, ‘in bend’, ‘party’ and ‘quartering 1)’).
2) In vexillology the term is sometimes used in place of in bend or bendwise when an object, charge or charges are placed as above (see also ‘armigerous’, ‘descending diagonal 2)’, ‘bicolour 1)’ and ‘crown of rue’).

per bend per bend per bend
House Flag of BosKalis NV, The Netherlands (fotw); Flag of Islisberg, Switzerland (fotw); Flag of Balge, Germany (Wikipedia & fotw)


PER BEND SINISTER
1) In heraldry the term used when a shield, a banner of arms or any quartering thereof is divided diagonally from bottom left to top right across its field (see also ‘banner of arms’, ‘bend sinister’, ’in bend sinister’, ‘party’ and ‘quartering 1)’).
2) In vexillology the term is sometimes used in place of in bend sinister or bendwise sinister when an object, charge or charges are placed as above - but see ‘ascending diagonal 2)’ (also ‘bicolour 1)’).

per bend sinister per bend sinister per bend sinister
Flag of Carrapateira, Brazil (fotw); Flag of Villarimboud, Switzerland (fotw); Flag of São Bento do Tocantins, Brazil (fotw)


PER CHEVRON
The heraldic term used when the divisions on a shield or banner of arms, or a series of charges thereon, appear to form a triangle, sometimes embowed and generally (although not invariably) with the apex upward – but see ‘pile 1)’ and ‘pile 2)’ plus the following note (also ‘banner of arms’, ‘chaussé’, ‘chevron 2)’, ‘embowed’, ‘party’ and ‘reversed 2)’).

per chevron per chevron per chevron
Flag of Ekenis, Germany (fotw); Flag of Wohlen bei Bern, Switzerland (fotw); Flag of Neu Wulmstorf, Germany (Wikipedia & fotw).

Please note that the difference between a shield or a banner of arms that is divided “per chevron” and one showing a “pile reversed” is not always clear, and it is suggested that the note following ‘per pile’ and a glossary or dictionary of heraldry be consulted for further details.


PER CHEVRON EMBOWED (ARCHED or ENARCHED)
In heraldry see per chevron,

per chevron embowed per chevron embowed per chevron embowed
Flag of Seftigen, Switzerland (fotw); Flag of Tellin, Belgium (fotw); Flag of Mühledorf, Switzerland (fotw)


PER COMPLEMENT
In heraldry see ‘moon 2)’ with following note.

per complement per complement per complement
Flag of Pernes-les-Fontaines, France (fotw); Arms and Flag of Koper, Slovenia (fotw)


PER FESS
1) In heraldry the term used when a shield, a banner of arms or any quartering thereof is divided horizontally (see also ‘banner of arms’, ‘fess’, ‘in fess’, party and ‘quartering 1)’).
2) In vexillology the term is sometimes also used in place of in fess or fesswise when an object, charge or charges, appear in a horizontal position.

per fess per fess per fess
Flag of Ticino, Switzerland (fotw); Flag of Bösel, Germany (fotw); Flag of Osogna, Switzerland (fotw)


PER PALE
1) In heraldry the term used when a shield, a banner of arms or any quartering thereof is divided vertically (see also ‘banner of arms’, ‘in pale’, ‘pale’, ‘party’ and ‘quartering 1)’).
2) In vexillology the term is sometimes also used in place of in pale or palewise when an object, charge or charges, appear in a vertical position (see also ‘palewise 2)’).

per pale per pale per pale
Flag of Bosau, Germany (fotw); Arms of Ticino, Switzerland (fotw); Flag of Benamaurel, Spain (fotw)


PER PALL
In heraldry the term used when the division lines on a shield, banner of arms or flag are arranged in the form a pall – see ‘in pall’ and ‘pall 2)’.

per pall per pall per pall
Flag of Fenin-Vilars-Saules, Switzerland (fotw); Flag of Sülzetal, Germany (fotw); Flag of Olexandria, Ukraine (fotw)


PER PILE
See ‘pile 2)’ and the following note (also ‘chaussé’).

per pile example per pile example per pile example
Flag of Verdabbio, Switzerland (fotw); Arms of Kuželov, Czechia (fotw); Flag of Gandria, Switzerland (fotw)

Please note that, unless concerning a straightforward charge, this term should always be used with a further description, for example, “tierced (or party) per pile reversed” (as illustrated above) or “tierced/party per pile reversed embowed” – see ‘embowed’, ‘party’, ‘per chevron’ with its following note, ‘reversed 2)’ and ‘tiercé’.


PER SALTIRE
1) In heraldry the term used when the division lines on a shield, banner of arms or flag run in a diagonal fashion from the upper corners – saltirewise (see also ‘banner of arms’, ‘in saltire’, ‘party’, and ‘saltire’).
2) In vexillology the term is sometimes also used in place of in saltire or saltirewise when two separate objects or charges cross each other diagonally - but see note below (also ‘orthogonal’ and ‘quartered diagonally’).

per saltire per saltire per saltire
Flag of the Australasian Steam Navigation Company c1865 (fotw); Flag of Guijelo, Spain (fotw); Flag of Luběnice, Czechia (fotw)

Please note with that the standard vexillological term for a flag divided per saltire is “quartered diagonally” as referenced in 2) above.


PERSONAL FLAG
1) In UK usage, a fringed plain royal blue flag bearing in its centre a crowned and garlanded ‘E’, which was used by HM Queen Elizabeth II when paying official visits abroad to those countries of which she was not head of state but see note below (also ‘garland’, ‘monogram’, ‘royal cypher 1)’, ‘racing flag 2)’ and ‘royal standard’).
2) See ‘banner of arms’.
3) A flag intended by the designer for his personal use or that of his family (see also ‘house flag 3)’).
4) In US naval usage, a term for denoting an officer's rank – see ‘flag of command’ (also ‘distinguishing flag 3)’, ‘individual flag’ and ‘rank flag 1)’).

[a personal standard]  [a personal standard]  [a personal standard] 
Personal Flag of HM Queen Elizabeth II 1926-2022, UK (fotw); Banner of Arms for Dražíč, Czechia (fotw); Personal Flag of Terence Martin, US (fotw)

Notes
a) With regard to 1) the monogram will be (or has been) replaced with that of HM King Charles III, and:
b) The various flags to be used by HM The King when visiting a Commonwealth country of which he is head of state are also officially described as personal flags, but must also be considered as the royal standards of the countries concerned (see also ‘
royal standard’ and ‘standard 1)’).

[a personal standard]
Personal Flag/Royal Standard of Her Late Majesty Queen Elizabeth II for use in Canada (fotw)


PETRA SANCTA METHOD
See ‘hatching 1)’.

petra sancta
Gules, Azure, Vert. Purpure, Sable, Or and Argent


PHOENIX
A mythical bird which is generally seen rising from the flames of its own destruction, and is usually intended to symbolise re-birth through strife (see also ‘heraldic beasts’).

 phoenix example phoenix example phoenix example
Flag of Udbina, Croatia (fotw); Seal and Flag of Atlanta, Georgia USA (fotw)


PHOINIKIS
See ‘semeion’.

PHRYGIAN CAP
See ‘cap of liberty’.

[Phrygian cap]  [Phrygian cap]
Flag and Emblem of San Juan, Argentina (fotw)


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