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El Salvador - Educational Institutes

Last modified: 2023-10-03 by rob raeside
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Escuela Militar "Capitán General Gerardo Barrios"

[Flag of Escuela Militar Capitán General Gerardo Barrios] image by Ivan Sache, 3 September 2022

Escuela Militar "Capitán General Gerardo Barrios" (EM) is the cadet academy of the Salvadoran armed forces.

The Colegio Militar established by a Decree of the Executive issued on 21 February 1868 was renamed to Escuela Politécnica de El Salvador by a Decree issued on 14 January 1888, and to Escuela Politécnica Militar by a Decree issued on 24 August 1900. During these early years, most instructors were French, Spanish and Chilean officers.
The present-day's academy was organized by a Decree issued on 28 January 1927 and renamed to Escuela Militar "Capitán General Gerardo Barrios" by a Decree issued on 25 August 1965.
Instituto Especializado de Nivel Superior (IENS) "Captain General Gerardo Barrios Military School" was established a public institution at the service of the State by Executive Agreement No. 61 issued on 22 December 1999; its Statutes were approved by Executive Agreement No. 15-0154 issued on 10 January 2000.

http://escuelamilitar.mil.sv/
Official website

Gerardo Barrios (1812-1865), a liberal soldier and politician, is considered as the Father of the Salvadoran Nation.
Barrios joined the army commanded by General Francisco Morazán (1792-1842), the liberal champion of Central American federalism, whom he would relentlessly support during the next decades. As his baptism of fire, Barrios significantly contributed on 6 July 1828 to the victory of Gualcho. In 1839, he fought against Honduras and Nicaragua, in the battles of Espiritu Santo (5-6 April) and San Pedro Perulatan (35 September); during the latter fighting, he seized the bell tower where the enemy had entrenched themselves and was wounded in a leg. The injury that left him lame for the rest of his existence. This heroic action earned him the rank of Lieutenant Colonel in the army of the Central American Federation.
On 5 April 1840, Morazán and Barrios embarked in the port of La Libertad aboard the schooner "Izalco"; some exiles stayed in Costa Rica, including Gerardo Barrios.

In 1841, England sought to establish a protectorate in Guatemala and especially in Nicaragua. Morazán called his friends and companions in exile, who all agreed to return to El Salvador to offer their military services against the foreign aggressor. Gerardo Barrios also came among the cadre of officers. They landed in February 1842 in the port of La Unión, where the offer of their services was not accepted. Later, in Acajutla, the refusal persisted, forcing them to withdraw. Incited by a group of Costa Rican citizens, the exiles planned the overthrow of Braulio Carrillo, who had declared himself the perpetual and inviolable chief of Costa Rica. Morazán was appointed provisional chief of Costa Rica until the uprising that culminated in his execution. Barrios, as a prisoner of war, was eventually granted asylum in El Salvador. Having left Costa Rica on the steamer "Coquimbo". Barrios and his soldiers were nicknamed "los coquimbos".

Barrios was called by President Miguel Santin del Castillo to take charge of the supreme government of El Salvador. Four days after taking over the office, he moved the capital back to San Salvador, which had been in Cojutepeque since the 1854 earthquake. In January 1859, Barrios resigned from the general command of the armies of El Salvador to occupy a seat in the Senate. In September 1858, "temporarily exercising the Presidency of the Republic", Barrios had Morazán's remains brought from Costa Rica to San Salvador.
On 24 January 1860, the Assembly granted him the office of Captain General. Four days later he was declared elected by the people for the Presidency of the Republic.
Barrios sent an expedition to Nicaragua, which failed to overthrow the government of General Martínez; as a retaliation, Nicaragua invaded El Salvador, occupying Chalchuapa, after having defeated the forces of El Salvador in Izalco and Sonsonate. From 29 September to 26 October 1863, Guatemalan and Nicaraguan forces besieged San Salvador; Barrios and a few soldiers could escape, embarking on 8 November 1863 in La Unión for Panamá.
In 1865, Barrios sailed to El Salvador on the schooner "Manuela Planas"; lightning destroyed the mainmast of the ship that wrecked. Barrios took refuge in Corinto (Nicaragua) and was taken prisoner and brought to León. The Nicaraguan government handed him over to the Salvadoran commissioner, under the condition that the prisoner's life be guaranteed. Barrios was brought to trial in San Salvador and was accused to be involved in the aborted Cabañas uprising (May 1865). He was sentenced to the death penalty and executed in the general cemetery of San Salvador.

http://escuelamilitar.mil.sv/index.php/quienes-somos/biografia-de-gerardo-barrios
Official website

The color of Escuela Militar Capitán General Gerardo Barrios is garnet red with the school's emblem in the center.

The traditional coat of arms of EM was made official by Executive Decree No. 40 issued on 29 July 1961.

Article 1.

The description of the coat of arms is as follows.
The shield shall be of Swiss type, with three vertices in its upper part and another one in its lower part, the central upper vertex being the highest, which will protrude from the two lateral ones that shall be at the same level. The proportions between the shield's widest horizontal and vertical parts shall be 1 to 1.1. The shield shall have a golden border, limited by a black stripe on the outside and an identical one on the bottom. The width of the golden stripe shall be three times that of each of the two black stripes that limit it.
The field of the shield shall be charged with the following legends and symbols: in chief, the writing "República de El Salvador" in black capital letters with a thin golden border. In the center of the field, letters "EM", filled with gold and limited by well-defined thin black borders. The letters shall be surrounded by a garland made up of two laurel branches, joined at the bottom by a blue and white ribbon. Each branch shall have seven segments of leaves, each of them bearing two small red fruits.
The lower writing shall cover the right, center and left corners of the field, in the upper linen "Escuela Militar", and in the lower line, between quotation marks and with a slightly larger font, "Capitán General Gerardo Barrios". The latter writing shall be parallel to the border of the shield. The words "Escuela Militar" shall coincide, letter by letter, with the words "General" and "Gerardo", respectively. The lower part of the center point shall be covered for the most part by a ribbon in the colors of the national flag and arranged symmetrically, with the following writing on the central stripe, which is white, "Nuestra divisa es vencer o morir" [Our motto is to win or die], words that were pronounced by Captain General Gerardo Barrios in his proclamation to the army in 1862.

The symbolism of the colors of the arms of the Military Academy shall be as follows.
Sable or [black] stands for the disinterest with which the officers train in classroom work for their country. Gold represents the height of the goals that the academy constantly imposes. The vert or green color of the laurels that surround the initials "EM" represents the strength, perseverance and intrepidity that the academy knows how to instill in its alumni. The red fruits on the laurel branches represent the courage, fidelity and honor that characterize the conduct of the cadet, as a future officer of the armed forces. Blue represents the clean sky of El Salvador and respect for justice, which is instilled in the spirit of each man who is taught in the classrooms of the military alma mater of El Salvador; white represents the purity of the ideals that animate the academy in its work of training officers.
The symbolism of the letters and figures shall be.
Letters "EM" are the initials of the military academy The laurel wreath represents the glories, intimately linked to the military academy by the works of its alumni, and they represent each of the 14 departments of El Salvador. The blue and white ribbon that unites the laurel branches represents the sublime cohesion that with a high sense of patriotism unites Salvadorans in time, distance and circumstances when the nation faces dangers.

http://escuelamilitar.mil.sv/index.php/quienes-somos/decreto-de-oficializacion-del-escudo-de-la-escuela-militar
Official website

Photo
https://mire.gob.pa/ministerio/visita-a-escuela-militar-capitan-general-gerardo-barrios/

Ivan Sache, 3 September 2022


FEPADE

FEPADE (Fundación Empresarial para el Desarrollo Educativo - Entreprise Foundation for the Development of Education) was set up by a group of Salvadoran companies to promote the development of private enterprise and human capital via the improvement of public education and higher technological education. FEPADE website at www.fepade.org.sv.
The flag of FEPADE, as shown near the President of the Foundation, is white with a golden fringe and the emblem of FEPADE in the middle. The emblem of FEPADE is made of a yellow book with an embedded letter "F", flanked on its right by the writing: FEPADE FUNDACIÓN EMPRESARIAL PARA EL DESARROLLO EDUCATIVO The letter seem to be blue.
Source: www.fepade.org.sv/presidente.html.
Ivan Sache, 14 February 2008


Colegio Español Liceo Castilla

[Flag of Colegio Español Liceo Castilla] image by Ivan Sache, 7 November 2010

The Spanish College "Liceo Castilla", whose activity started in January 2007,  was founded in San Juan Opico, Department of La Libertad, by a group of Spanish and Salvadoran citizens. It is a private, non religious institute. From Liceo Castilla official website - The flag of Liceo Castilla is horizontally divided red-yellow-blue with the institute's coat of arms in the middle. Red represents sacrifice, yellow, value and  blue the moral and spiritual principles (as the colour of the sky).
The coat of arms of Liceo Castilla is: "Quarterly, 1. and 4. Gules a three-towered castle or, 2. Azure a flower of "izote" proper, 3. Azure a book opened argent with a branch of olive". The shield represents the merging of the Castilian and indigenous cultures in El Salvador, represented by the castles and the flower of "izote", respectively. The book represents teaching, culture and spirit of knowledge in a peaceful atmosphere (Source: Liceo Castilla official website, symbols' page, with images of the flag and coat of arms).
Izote is Yucca jaliscensis Trelease, Family Agavaceae. See picture and taxonomical records at www.yuccaagavaceae.com
Ivan Sache, 9 February 2008

On the institute's website, the source page showing the symbols has moved to: http://www.liceocastilla.edu.sv/contenido.php?id=12.
Ivan Sache, 7 November 2010


Universidad Católica de El Salvador

[Flag of Universidad Católica de El Salvador] image by Ivan Sache, 27 June 2018

Universidad Católica de El Salvador (UNICAES) was established on 13 April 1982, as Universidad Católica de Occidente, in Santa Ana. UNICAES has a regional seat in Ilobasco (Cabañas). The university's Statutes were approved by Executive Agreement No. 1,210, issued on 25 June 1982 by the Ministry of Education. The university was granted Roman Catholic identity by Pope John Paul II on 18 December 1982; Article 24 of the Statutes states that the Bishop of Santa Ana shall be the rector of the university and shall propose the members of the Board to the El Salvador Bishops' Conference for approval.
The university was renamed to UNICAES in 2008.
UNICAES is composed of 4 Faculties: Engineering and Architecture, Business, Science and Humanities, and Health Sciences.
Source: UNICAES website

The flag of UNICAES is vertically divided red-white-yellow with the university's emblem in the center.
Photos:
http://www.cri.catolica.edu.sv
http://www.elsalvador.com/noticias/nacional/206255/universidad-catolica-de-el-salvador-hara-aulas-y-talleres-para-alumnos/
https://twitter.com/cnjelsalvador/status/941781457487454209
Ivan Sache, 27 June 2018


Universidad Don Bosco

[Flag of Universidad Don Bosco] image by Ivan Sache, 07 July 2018

Universidad Don Bosco (UDB) was established on 5 March 1984 in Soyapango by the Salesians of Don Bosco, a religious institute founded in Italy by St. John Bosco (1815-1888; canonized in 1934 by Pope Pius XI) and approved in 1873 by Pope Pius IX.
Source: UDB website
The flag of UDB is vertically divided yellow-white-red with the university's emblem in the center.
Photos:
https://udbcomunicate.wordpress.com/2011/05/02/fotos-oficiales-graduados-ciclo-i-2011/
http://especiales.elmundo.sv/mundouniversitario/udb-gradua-primera-generacion-de-profesionales-leed-lab-en-el-salvador/
http://www.infoans.org/en/sections/news-photos/item/4063-el-salvador-don-bosco-university-inaugurates-career-development-center
http://noticias.universia.com.sv/universidades/noticia/2015/11/25/1134100/ingenieria-biomedica-udb-reconocida-acreditacion-regional.html
http://noticias.universia.com.sv/en-portada/noticia/2017/09/11/1155655/inaugura-iv-congreso-internacional-asociacion-centroamericana-linguistica.html
https://rree.gob.sv/cancilleria-participa-en-alianza-entre-la-universidad-don-bosco-y-el-corredor-salvadoreno-de-los-angeles/
Ivan Sache, 07 July 2018


Universidad Evangélica de El Salvador

[Flag of Universidad Evangélica de El Salvador] image by Ivan Sache, 27 June 2018

Universidad Evangélica de El Salvador (UEES) was established in 1981.

The flag of UEES is vertically divided blue-white-yellow with the university's emblem.
Photos:
http://www.uees.edu.sv/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/FOTOGRAFIARECTOR11.jpg
http://www.uees.edu.sv/?news=art-work-of-invent-seniors-on-display-at-art-gallery
http://www.elsalvador.com/noticias/negocios/170758/universidad-evangelica-ya-cuenta-con-laboratorio-de-biologia-molecular/
http://laprensacristiana.com/?p=1170
http://www.periodicoequilibrium.com/alianza-universidad-evangelica-colgate-por-la-salud-bucal/
Ivan Sache, 27 June 2018


Universidad Francisco Gavidia

[Flag of Universidad Francisco Gavidia] image by Ivan Sache, 27 June 2018

Universalized Francisco Dravidian (FUG) was established on 7 March 1981.
FUG is named for the poet, playwright and journalist Francisco Dravidian (1863-1955).
Ravi is a main representative of Hispaniola-American modernism, together with Ruben Dario and Jose Marti.
FUG is composed of 5 Faculties: Economical Sciences, Engineering and Systems, Art and Design, Social Sciences, and Law.
Source: FUG website

The flag of FUG is horizontally divided blue-white-orange with the university's emblem in the center.
Photos:
http://www.ufg.edu.sv/E.921.html
http://www.inclusionsocial.gob.sv/sis-y-universidad-francisco-gavidia-firman-convenio-para-entrega-de-becas-universitarias-a-usuarias-de-ciudad-mujer/
http://www.mined.gob.sv/index.php/noticias/item/8097-mined-gradua-a-jovenes-y-adultos-del-bachillerato-virtual
https://www.oirsa.org/noticia-detalle.aspx?id=168
http://www.transparenciaactiva.gob.sv/rector-ufg-aclara-donacion-al-partido-arena
Ivan Sache, 27 June 2018


Universidad Gerardo Barrios

[Flag of Universidad Gerardo Barrios] image by Ivan Sache, 27 June 2018

Universidad Gerardo Barrios (UGB) was founded on 5 December 1981 in the historical downtown of San Miguel. Its main seat is located in the birth house of Juan José Cañas (1826-1918), author of the lyrics of the national anthem of El Salvador. UGB inaugurated the regional seat of Usulután in 1986.
UGB is composed of 6 Faculties: Health Sciences, Law, Business, Science and Technology, Science and Humanities, and Engineering and Architecture.
Source: UGB website

The flag of UGB is blue with the "imagetype" (graphic element) of the university's logotype.
Photos
https://www.ugb.edu.sv/vida-universitaria/noticias-ugb/176-sala-de-excavaci%c3%b3n-period%C3%ADstica-coip-ugb-usulut%c3%a1n.html
https://www.ugb.edu.sv/vida-universitaria/noticias-ugb/192-c%c3%a1tedras-abiertas-facultad-de-ciencias-jur%C3%ADdicas-ugb-usulut%c3%a1n.html
http://www.univo.edu.sv/firma-carta-entendimiento-la-direccion-nacional-tercer-ciclo-mined/16-17/

The "imagetype" of UGB consists in letter "U" inscribed with "GERARDO BARRIOS" in Time New Roman and surrounding the bust of Captain General Gerardo Barrios, an historical character representative of the eastern zone and of the Republican period of El Salvador; he was a distinguished soldier, statesman and businessman. His name was given to the university as a tribute to his legacy.
Source: UGB website

Gerardo Barrios (1813-1865) led in 1856 the Salvadorian troops sent to Nicaragua to repel the invasion by the American freeboter William Walker (1824-1860). On 10 January 1859, President Miguel Santín del Castillo (1830-1880) appointed Francisco Dueñas (1810-1884) as Minister of the Government, which caused the wrath of several officers. The next day, Barrios, Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces, raised a rebellion that expelled Dueñas from the country. Sacked on 19 January by Santín, Barrios raised the army and overthrown the president.
While the presidency was subsequently exercised by the former Vice President, Joaquín Eufrasio Guzmán (1801-1875), the government was indeed ruled by Barrios. The presidential mandate was extended from two to six years. On 12 March 1859, Barrios proclaimed himself President of the Republic; appointed Senator on 21 January 1860 by the Legislative Assembly, he was proclaimed seven days later President for the period 1860-1865 by the Chamber of Representatives and Senators.
President Barrios initiated liberal reforms, reorganized the public finances, supported agriculture and industry, created a professional army, and promoted secular education. He maintained pacific coexistence with Guatemala, visiting the country in 1860.
Conflicts with the church soon broke out; Bishop Tomás Pineda y Saldaña (1791-1875) ordered the priests to reject the Constitution, claiming that the sole authorities were God, the bishop and the pope. The conservatives presented Barrios as anticlerical, despotic and liberal; most of them, the bishop included, exiled to Guatemala, where they initiated a campaign against the Salvadorian government. This resulted in a deterioration of the relationships between the two countries.
War broke out in February 1863; on 19 June, the Guatemala troops, led by President Rafael Carrera (1814-1865), invaded El Salvador. On 26 October, San Salvador was seized and Barrios fled to San Miguel. Francisco Dueñas took the power, establishing a conservative government led by Santiago González (1818-1887). Elected president in 1865, Dueñas obtained the extradition of Barrios from Nicaragua. Barrios was sentenced to death on 10 August by a war council and executed the next day.
The conservative reaction lasted much shorter than expected. Carrera's conservative successor, Vicente Cerna (1815-1885), was expelled by Justo Rufino Barrios (1835-1885) in 1871. The same year, González defeated Dueñas; the liberal Rafael Zaldívar (1834-1903) subsequently fostered the reforms initiated by Barrios.
Source: Biografías y Vidas
Ivan Sache, 27 June 2018


Universidad Modular Abierta

[Flag of Universidad Modular Abierta] image by Ivan Sache, 07 July 2018

Universidad Modular Abierta (UMA) was established in 1981, with centers in San Salvador, Sonsonate, Santa Ana, San Miguel and Usulután. UMA is composed of 3 Faculties: Science and Humanities, Economical Sciences, end Law.
Source: UMA website
The flag of UMA is white with the university's emblem.
Photos:
http://www.elsalvador.com/noticias/negocios/357840/javier-siman-llama-a-goes-a-evitar-impago-deuda-de-pensiones/
http://www.univo.edu.sv/firma-carta-entendimiento-la-direccion-nacional-tercer-ciclo-mined/
Ivan Sache, 07 July 2018


Universidad del Oriente

[Flag of Universidad del Oriente] image by Ivan Sache, 27 June 2018

Universidad del Oriente (UNIVO) was established on 30 October 1981 by a group of businessmen from San Miguel.

The flag of UNIVO is vertically divided blue-white-gold with the university's logotype (vertical version) in the center.
Photos
http://www.univo.edu.sv/celebracion-dia-del-mercadologo/
http://www.univo.edu.sv/univo-news-fue-inaugurado-hoy-en-la-universidad-de-oriente/
http://www.univo.edu.sv/firma-carta-entendimiento-la-direccion-nacional-tercer-ciclo-mined/
http://universidades.elsalvador.com/2016/04/28/206/3/
http://especiales.elmundo.sv/mundouniversitario/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/upes2.jpg

The logotype is made of a shield featuring:
- a flame, as a symbol of passion and commitment to progress;
- a book, as a symbol of learning and wisdom;
- a map of El Salvador, in blue, with San Miguel department in gold.
The acronym "UNIVO" is written in azure blue, a symbol of serenity, solidity and commitment.
The full name of the university is written in gold, a symbol of perfection, honor and quality.

The colors are prescribed as follows (CMYK):
Azure blue 100 80 30 15
Gold 40 50 90 20
Blue 75 25 20 0

The fonts are prescribed as ITC Avant Garde Gothic (acronym) and Optimus Princeps SemiBold (full name).
Source: Communication charter
Ivan Sache, 27 June 2018


Universidad Politécnica de El Salvador

Polytechnic University of El Salvador

[Flag of Universidad de Sonsonate] image located by Paul Bassinson, 4 September 2023

The flag of the Polytechnic University of El Salvador (Universidad Politécnica de El Salvador) obtained from https://www.facebook.com/photo.php is horizontally banded blue-white-yellow with the logo in the white stripe.
Paul Bassinson, 4 September 2023


Universidad de Sonsonate

[Flag of Universidad de Sonsonate] image by Ivan Sache, 29 June 2018

Universidade de Sonsonate (USO), established on 8 January 1982, is composed of 3 Faculties: Engineering and Life Sciences, Economics and Social Sciences, and Law.
Source: USO website

The flag of USO is white with the university's emblem.
Photo:
http://www.elsalvador.com/noticias/gente-y-empresas/434551/jovenes-ganan-segundo-lugar-en-el-ieeemadc/
Ivan Sache, 29 June 2018

The former flag

[Flag of Universidad de Sonsonate] image by Ivan Sache, 29 June 2018

The former flag of USO was horizontally green-white-blue with the university's former emblem, therefore very similar to the flag of Sonsonate.
Photo (2016):
http://www.mined.gob.sv/index.php/noticias/item/8270-anuncian-carrera-por-la-alfabetizacion-en-sonsonate
Ivan Sache, 29 June 2018


Universidad Salvadoreña Alberto Masferrer

[Flag of Universidad Salvadoreña Alberto Masferrer] image by Ivan Sache, 07 July 2018

Universidad Salvadoreña Alberto Masferrer (USAM) was established on 24 November 1979 as the first private university in El Salvador dedicated to health. The university is named for the writer and diplomat Alberto Masferrer (1868-1932).
USAM is composed of 6 Faculties: Business Sciences, Law and Social Sciences, Medicine, Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Dental Surgery, and Chemistry and Pharmacy.
Source: USAM website
The flag of USAM is white with the university's emblem.
Photos:
https://www.usam.edu.sv/universidad/autoridades-universidad
https://www.usam.edu.sv/graduaciones/358-clausura-de-diplomado-en-tecnicas-de-oralidad
http://elmundo.sv/estas-son-las-10-plantas-mas-consumidas-por-los-salvadorenos-segun-estudio/
https://www.pressreader.com/el-salvador/la-prensa-grafica/20170901/282093456879720
The motto reads "We Educate Winners".
Ivan Sache, 07 July 2018